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For Intel Macs: Immediately after pressing the power button, hold down the Command (⌘)-R keys until the Apple logo appears on the screen, then release the keys.You should now be provided with the Recovery app. Enter the password, and then, select Next. Select the administrator account, and then, select Next. If asked, select a volume to recover, and then, select Next. For silicon Macs: Press and hold the power button on your Mac until “Loading startup options” appears.If you can't start up from macOS Recovery - Apple Support.Use macOS Recovery on a Mac with Apple silicon - Apple Support.Use Disk Utility's First Aid option in Recovery Mode to check for errors on the Mac's boot drive.Why: Resets sound volume, display resolution, startup-disk selection, time zone, & kernel panic information.How: At boot-up, hold down the Option-Command (⌘)-P-R keys.What: Reset NVRAM on your Mac - Apple Support.
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How: How you reset the SMC is different between Intel Macs with (2018+) and without (mid-2009-2017) T2 chips.What: Reset the SMC on your Mac - Apple Support.Reset the Mac's System Management Controller (SMC) - Intel Macs Only.How to Use Apple Hardware Test to Diagnose Mac Problems - OSXDaily.About the "Apple Hardware Test does not support this machine" message - Apple Support.How to use Apple Hardware Test on your Mac - Apple Support.Release when you see the startup options window, which includes a gear icon labeled Options. For Silicon Macs: Turn on your Mac and continue to press and hold the power button as your Mac starts up.
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Release when you see a progress bar or you're asked to choose a language. How: For Intel Macs: Turn on your Mac, then immediately press and hold the D key on your keyboard as your Mac starts up.What: Apple Silicon Mac: Apple Diagnostics for Self Service Repair - Apple Support, Use Apple Diagnostics to test your Mac - Apple Support & Apple Diagnostics reference codes - Apple Support.Apple Diagnostics (2013-2020 Intel Macs & 2020+ Silicon Macs).Run either the Apple Hardware Test (AHT) or Apple Diagnostics to uncover any potential hardware issues with the Mac.Why: To repair a corrupt file system and to perform a "quick" system disk repair pass.How: At boot-up, hold down the Shift key until the Apple logo appears on the screen, then release the keys.What: Use safe mode on your Mac - Apple Support.(Note: This User Tip is applicable for all Mac desktops and laptops.) Ref: If your Mac starts up to an Apple logo or progress bar - Apple Support.If the panics stop, start up the Mac in Safe Mode (see step 2) and add back, one-at-a-time, the removed peripherals until the panics continue. If the panics continue, review system logs to determine the cause of the panics. Temporarily remove all connected peripherals, except, for desktop Macs, the keyboard and mouse. Failure: Kernel Panic or recurring rebooting occurs.White progress bar displayed under the Apple logo on the screen?.If Disk Utility found no errors or repaired all errors, reinstall macOS.Ref: If your Mac starts up to a circle with a line through it - Apple Support.Reason: The booter cannot load the kernel.Failure: The Apple logo is replaced with a Prohibitory sign.Success: Firmware located and started the booter and the startup process continues.Use the Disk Utility in Recovery Mode to repair the startup disk.Ref: If your Mac starts up to a question mark - Apple Support.Reason: The firmware cannot locate the booter file (boot.efi).Mac displays a screen with a folder that has a flashing question mark?.Series of beeps = POST failed, check system RAM.Black, Gray, or Blue Screen / Backlight On?.If possible, reseat individual RAM modules. (see step 4) No luck? Chances are it could be the Mac's power supply, logic board, or the SMC. Power available? For Intel-based Macs, try resetting the SMC.Reset power breaker/GFI replace power cable or brick. No power? Recycle the Mac's power switch.Check the power source, power cable, etc.